| Chemical Groups and General Mechanisms of Anticestodal and Antitrematodal Drugs | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Typical Drug | Mechanism | Effect on Parasite |
| Pyrazinoisoquinoline | Praziquantel Epsiprantel |
Not certain Increases membrane permeability to Ca++, but different from other ionophores |
Low concentrations: Increased muscular activity, then spastic paralysis Higher concentrations: vacuolization and vesiculation of tegument; Allows host defenses to attack |
| Benzenesulfonamide | Clorsulon | Inhibit glycolysis | Energy depletion |
| Substituted Phenols | Nitroxynil | Uncouple oxidative phosphorylation | Energy depletion |
| Salicylanilides | Niclosamide Rafoxanide1 |
Uncouple oxidative phosphorylation | Energy depletion |
| Benzimidazoles | Mebendazole Oxfendazole | See Benzimidazoles, Table of antinematodals | Starvation of parasite Ovicidal |
| 1If rafoxanide acts as other salicylanilides Refs: Barragry'95 Webster, LT, Jr., GG8th'90 USPDI'94 Courtney & Roberson'95 | |||